IN SHORT
The sensation of having blocked ears can have several causes, such as earwax buildup, infections (colds, sinusitis, etc.), allergies, changes in pressure (from flying or diving), otitis or noise-induced hearing loss. Most of the time, it is a minor issue that can be easily resolved, but some situations require medical intervention.
A blocked ear is often nothing serious: it can happen when you have a cold, while flying, or when swimming. But when the sensation persists and keeps coming back, is accompanied by pain, or affects your hearing, it raises questions: Why do my ears get blocked? Is this normal?
There are many causes of this condition, but they are generally identifiable and treatable. Our ENT clinic in Montreal provides an overview of the most common causes.
Earwax Plug
Earwax is a natural substance: it protects the ear canal from dust, bacteria, and moisture. The problem arises when it builds up in excess and forms a plug that blocks the canal. The symptoms are easy to recognize: muffled hearing, a feeling of fullness in the ear, and sometimes mild tinnitus.
You can have the plug removed by an ENT specialist. Ear drops can also soften it and make it easier to remove. Caution: Avoid using cotton swabs, as they can worsen the blockage by pushing the earwax deeper into the ear canal.
Respiratory Tract Infections and Allergies
The nose and ears are connected by the Eustachian tube, a small passageway that equalizes pressure on either side of the eardrum. When a cold, sinus infection, or seasonal allergy causes inflammation of the mucous membranes, this tube can become blocked. It is then unable to equalize pressure properly, which can lead to a feeling of ear congestion.
The problem usually resolves on its own as you recover. Decongestants or allergy medications may help, as well as saline solutions and antibiotics if prescribed.
Pressure Fluctuations
Whether you’re flying, hiking in the mountains, or scuba diving, external pressure can sometimes change faster than the Eustachian tube can adjust. This phenomenon, known as barotrauma, is usually temporary and harmless. Chewing gum, yawning, or performing the Valsalva maneuver (pinching your nose and gently blowing with your mouth closed) can help equalize the pressure.
People with a history of ear infections or who have a cold may experience more severe discomfort. It may be helpful to see an ENT specialist for a preventive checkup before a long trip or if you plan to go scuba diving.
Ear Infection
There are several types of ear infections: they can affect the outer, middle, or inner ear and vary in severity. They cause a sensation of a blocked ear and may be accompanied by other symptoms such as pain and fever.
Ear infections in children are actually quite common, since they are unable to blow their noses properly and have a differently shaped Eustachian tube.
Other Possible Causes
Other factors can cause a sensation of blocked ears, although these are less common:
- Tinnitus: ringing or whistling in the ear that may be accompanied by a sensation of blockage.
- Noise-induced hearing loss: after a concert, a loud explosion, or any other prolonged exposure to intense noise, the ear may feel blocked.
- The presence of a foreign object.
- Eczema or psoriasis in the ear.
- Ménière’s disease: This chronic inner ear disorder is accompanied by several symptoms, primarily vertigo, tinnitus, and fluctuating hearing loss.
How Can You Prevent Ear Congestion?
Although it isn’t necessarily serious, it’s very unpleasant to have your ears feel blocked all the time! Prevention methods vary depending on what triggers the sensation.
In general, practise good hygiene and avoid using cotton swabs. Instead, clean your ears with water in the shower, then gently dry them with a towel.
When exposed to loud noises, such as at work or at concerts, wear earplugs. These will prevent your ears from feeling blocked and also help avoid potential hearing loss.
Earplugs can also be useful for water sports if your ears tend to get blocked while swimming.
When Should You Seek Medical Attention?
In most cases, a blocked ear clears up on its own or once the underlying cause is treated. However, there are certain signs you should watch out for:
- Sudden hearing loss
- Persistent pain or fever
- Associated dizziness
- Symptoms lasting longer than 7 to 10 days or recurring episodes
- Itching
- Discharge of pus or blood
If you’re unsure, an ENT specialist is best equipped to identify the cause and recommend the right treatment. Although it may seem harmless, a stuffy ear can be a symptom of an underlying problem—not to mention that it’s simply unpleasant.
Furthermore, if the sensation is accompanied by hearing loss, it can impact your social and professional life.
Still wondering why your ears feel blocked? You would like to receive appropriate treatment? Make an appointment at Clinique ORL 1851, in the heart of Montreal. Our specialists will perform a comprehensive clinical examination and recommend appropriate treatment based on your needs. Consultations are covered by RAMQ.
