IN SHORT
A thyroid nodule is a lump that forms in the thyroid, a gland located at the base of the neck. Nodules are common, and most are benign. However, they can cause difficulty swallowing or breathing when they are larger. Some nodules can also affect hormone levels (hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism) or, in rare cases, be cancerous. Treatment varies depending on the cause and type of nodule.
Being told you have a thyroid nodule can be a cause for worry and stress. Don’t panic: in the vast majority of cases, these nodules are benign and do not require any treatment. However, some nodules may be cancerous or develop into hyperthyroidism. Do you have a nodule? Clinique ORL 1851 can help you understand what it is and when you should seek medical advice.
Why Do Nodules Form in the Thyroid?
The thyroid is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located at the front of the neck, just below the larynx. It produces hormones that help regulate metabolism, body temperature and other vital functions. A thyroid nodule is an abnormal growth of cells within the thyroid gland, forming a lump.
The exact causes are not always identified, but certain factors may contribute to their development:
- Iodine deficiency
- Family history
- Chronic inflammation such as thyroiditis or Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (an autoimmune disease)
- Exposure to radiation
- Hormonal changes, including pregnancy and the menopause
Women are affected more often than men, and the prevalence is higher among people aged 50 and over.
In most cases, the nodules are asymptomatic (show no symptoms). They are sometimes discovered during an ultrasound scan carried out for another reason.
What Symptoms Should You Watch Out For?
In most cases, the nodule is imperceptible: you cannot feel or see it. However, some people may notice a visible or palpable lump at the base of the neck. When it is larger (more than 3 or 4 cm), it can cause unpleasant symptoms such as:
- Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
- A change in the voice
- A feeling of tightness in the throat
- Breathing difficulties
It is important to note that some nodules are non-functional, whilst others are functional – that is, they produce hormones. The latter can lead to hyperthyroidism.
In general, watch out for symptoms of hormonal imbalance (hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism):
- Unexplained weight gain or loss
- Persistent tiredness or sudden bursts of energy
- Mood swings (anxiety, irritability, depression)
- Increased heart rate or heat intolerance
A Thyroid Nodule Has Been Found: What Happens Next?
The first thing the doctor will ask for, if it hasn’t already been done, is a neck ultrasound. This allows the nodule to be measured and its characteristics assessed. In some cases, a fine-needle aspiration (FNA) may be required. This involves taking a sample of cells to confirm the diagnosis.
During the diagnosis, a blood test is also carried out to assess TSH levels. Blood tests help identify cases of hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism.
Other tests may be required depending on the case, and the subsequent treatment will depend on the diagnosis. If the nodules are benign, regular check-ups may be recommended to monitor their progress.
The Role of ENT Specialists
An ENT doctor is the ideal specialist to assess, monitor, and, in many cases, treat a thyroid nodule. As a specialist in laryngology, the ENT doctor is thoroughly familiar with all the structures surrounding the thyroid gland and is qualified to make an accurate diagnosis. At Clinique ORL 1851, we perform ultrasound-guided biopsies at our outpatient clinic.
We can also perform surgical procedures, such as radiofrequency ablation or a thyroidectomy. The latter is an operation that involves removing part or all of the thyroid gland.
We will take the time to discuss the available treatment options with you so that you can make the best decision for yourself. We can also refer you to other specialists depending on your specific needs, for example, in the case of hormonal disorders.
Treatment and Follow-up
In most cases, a benign nodule does not require treatment. It is usually recommended that it be monitored using ultrasound scans and occasional blood tests.
In the case of a large nodule, surgery may be considered to alleviate discomfort or difficulties with eating or breathing.
In the rare cases where the nodule is cancerous, it is important to note that most thyroid cancers have a favourable prognosis. The treatment required varies depending on the type of cancer detected, but may include surgery, hormone therapy and radiotherapy.
When Should You See an ENT Specialist?
If you notice a lump in your neck, have difficulty swallowing, or if your voice has changed, or if an ultrasound scan has revealed a nodule, see an ENT specialist without delay.
In most cases, thyroid nodules are benign and can be managed effectively. Our ENT specialist in Montreal will be able to clearly explain your test results, answer your questions and help you make an informed decision if treatment is required.
Book an appointment now to find out for sure.
